2016年00015英语（二）复习资料-串讲笔记第二部分：系动词15
(3)用指示代词this,that,these和those以及相应的限定词组如this statement和those statements等来照应前面
The wording of this letter is almost the same as that used earlier by my English teacher.
Do you remember the 1940s,those terrible years?
Six weeks!I can’t wait that long.
在表示时间、空间概念时，指示代词this/these一般表示的含义近一些而that/those表示的含义远一些。
Sometimes we laugh when we recognize ourselves in what we hear or see.This statement,therefore,often receives a smile：“Advice is always given but never taken.”
We went to the suburb last week and that was our first outing this year.
在含有比较级的句子中，that/those可以照应上文提到过的具有特指意义的可数名词，而this/these不能这么用。
The manager’s salary is twice as much as that of his secretary.
These computers are nicer to look at than those we have in our company.
(4)用so和not代替前面提到过的事情或情况
We are very busy and will remain so for a couple of weeks.
“You haven’t lost your ticket,have you?”“I hope not.”
(5)用the former,the latter,the former照应前者，the latter照应后者（the former,the latter常一起使用，故把它们放在一起来讨论）。
John and William are both hardworking students.The former excels in math,the latter in history.
The place you are going to stay in is something between a hotel and a home.Though it somewhat lacks the convenience of the former yet it has all the comforts of the latter.