万博manbetx网站《英语(二)》课程讲义--英译汉翻译方法介绍 句子的翻译(一)

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英译汉翻译方法介绍 句子的翻译(一)xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

 

英译汉句子翻译:

  一、分译与合译
  1.分译
  英语的一些语句有时比较简练,但在翻译成汉语时,为了表达更完美,原句可译成两句(或两句以上)
  Everything here is dear to her.对这里的一切事物,她都感到亲切。

  2.合译
  可以把相邻的、语义紧密地句子译成一句;把复合句、并列句译成简单句
  Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。

  二、复合句的翻译及顺序
  注意:英语句中的标点符号与汉语句中的标点不存在一致关系。英文句中的标点侧重语法功能,而汉语则侧重于意思的表达。另外,英语一个句子中只有一个谓语,而汉语中使用动词较多。
  1.名词从句的译法:翻译时顺序一般不变
  主语从句 What you say is always true.你说的话总是对的。(合译)
  It is still a question which way is more effective.
  哪种办法效率更高,这还是个问题。(分译)

  表语从句 One idea is that fish is the best brain food .有一种看法认为鱼是最好的补脑食品。
  宾语从句
She asked the teacher why some words were hard to remember.
  她问老师为什么有些字很难记住。

  同位语从句 I have an idea that parents should monitor the kind of television their children watch.
  我有一个想法,父母应该检查孩子看电视的内容(种类)。

  2.定语从句的译法
  定语从句的译法应符合汉语习惯,一般来说,限制性定语从句前置译,非限制性定语从句常采用后置的译法,但如果从句较短,也可前置。
  I'll teach you such a lesson as you'll never forget.我要给你一个终生难忘的教训。
  They turned a deaf ear to our demands, which was not reasonable.
  他们对我们的要求置之不理,这是毫无道理的。

  3.状语从句的译法
  状语从句有九种:时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、比较、方式、让步
  要注意从属连词的意义
  Since 可以引导时间状语从句,表示:"自从,从时候开始";也可以引导原因状语从句,表示"既然、由于"
  As可以引导定语从句作关系代词。当作关系副词时,可以引导状语从句。 As 引导时间状语从句,表示"当什么时候",主从句的动作同时进行。引导原因状语从句,表示"由于"。还可引导方式状语从句,表示"像,如同"

  Although /though 引导让步状语从句,表示"虽然,尽管",需倒装。  
  While 可以引导让步状语从句,表示"虽然",也可以引导时间状语从句,也可以是转折连词,表示"然而、而",表示两个事物的对比。  
  no matter +when /where /howwhenever/wherever /however

  Unit 13 练习


  一、单词词组英译汉:
  1.compel 2.voluntary 3.undertake 4.coincide 5.manual 6.efficiency 7.compulsion 8.division 9.eliminate 10.boring 11.amusement 12.so far as …knows 13.to coincide with 14.attitude toward 15.to go in for

  二、句子英译汉:

  1.He cannot be really happy if his compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing. (para.1)
  
2.Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends,not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who undertake it. (para. 3)
  
3.The difference does not, for example, coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job.
  
4.So that it is natural for him to imagine that the fewer hours he has to spend laboring, and the more hours he is free to play, the better.
  
5.This instinct has to do with the political nature of work itself, something every modern worker understands. (para.3)
  
6.The bosses want more from the worker than they are willing to give in return. (para.3)
  
7.A good worker in a key spot could, so long as he kept up production, take all the coffee breaks he wanted.(para.3)
  
8.I have searched my mind in vain for a polite way to tell that reader to go to hell. (para.4)
  
9.If you are that reader, I would recommend that you abandon your outrage and begin thinking abut doing something similar for yourself. (para.5)
  10.They also like it for another reason, even if they will not admit it
it makes it very difficult for the worker to do anything other than work.
  other than 除了以外


  三、汉译英
  1.如果他被迫去做他不乐意做的事,他不可能高兴。
  He can't be happy if he is compelled to do what he doesn't enjoy doing.
  
If he is compelled to do what he is unwilling to do, he cannot be happy.
  2.一件工作被算成是劳作还是工作取决于个人的喜好。

  Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends on one's interest.
  3.广义上说,任何人作的工作都对社会有益。

  In a broad sense, what anyone does is beneficial to the society.
  
In general, what one does is of social value.
  4.劳作与工作之间的区别与体力劳动与脑力劳动的区别并不一样。

  The difference between labor and work does not coincide with that between a manual and a mental job.
  5.技术与劳动分工在许多领域结束了对熟练工的需求。

  Technology and the division of labor have eliminated in many fields the need for skilled workers.

  历年考题:

  1.The important of these _____(vary) according to the nature of one's life-style. (99.10)
  答案:varies

  2.汉译英:将来还会有脑力劳动和体力劳动的区别吗?(00.04

  Will there be any difference between the manual labor and the mental job in the future?
  3.A man can not be really happy if what he enjoys_____(do) is ignored by society as of no value or importance. 00.10

  答案:doing。考点:enjoy后跟名词或动名词作宾语。
  4.汉译英:他被迫接受了一份他自己毫无兴趣的工作。
  He is compelled to take a job which is of no interest to himself.