名师串讲综合英语(二)(珍藏版)17

山西万博manbetx网站网 发布时间:2013年07月25日

23.直接引语变成间接引语时,在人称上也要根据情况做适当调整,把第一人称和第二人称变为第三人称,或者把第二人称变为第一人称。xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

“I’ll behave myself,”he promised.

He promised that he would behave himself.

“I like your tie,”she told John.

She told John that she liked his tie.

注意美国人往往在间接引语里也用现在时态表示过去的情况。

“My mother can drive a car,”he said.

He said that his mother could drive a car.(英式英语)

He said that his mother can drive a car.(美式英语)

英国人不接受美国人的这一用法。

24.直接引语变成间接引语时,在时间状语上也要做适当调整。以下是几个常见的时间状语的变化形式。

直接引语间接引语

nowthen

todaythat day

yesterdaythe day before/the previous

day

the day before yesterdaytwo days before

last night/week/monththe night/week/month before

two days agotwo days before

tomorrowthe next day/the following

day

the day after tomorrowtwo days later

next week/month/yearthe next week/month/year

“We saw the movie yesterday,”he said.

He said that they had seen the movie the day before.

“I’m reading the newspaper now,”the boy said.

The boy said that he was reading the newspaper then.

25.直接引语变成间接引语时,指示代词this要变成thatthese变成those;地点状语here变成there

“I want this book,”he said.

He said that he wanted that book.

“This kind gentleman brought me here,”her mother told her.

Her mother told her that that kind genteman had brought her there.

Cohesion

英语的句子中各个部分、句子之间、段落之间都须前后照应,有机地联系起来,这就是衔接。衔接有多种手段,如用and ,however等衔接词。本课介绍另一种衔接手段——前后照应。要了解某一词语所表示的含义,必须从该词语所指的对象中去寻找。

26.照应前面出现的人或事物

1)用人称代词和物主代词

If I love you,I can see you as a separate person,with your own values and thoughts and feelings.

People are ready to enjoy anything amusing that came their way.

it作为人称代词,表示照应关系时不仅可以指物也可以指人或是整个句子或从句。

Distance can intensify a loving bond,and it can help us rediscover ourselves.

The poor nanny shook the baby too hard that it died soon after it was sent to the hospital.

I got into the room by breaking the kitchen window,not knowing that it would cause me so much trouble.

(2)用定冠词照应前面

A man and a woman were struggling up the hill.The man was very strong but the woman seemed very weak.

An airplane crashed into the Pacific yesterday.All 88 people on board the plane died.

(3)用指示代词this,that,thesethose以及相应的限定词组如this statementthose statements等来照应前面

The wording of this letter is almost the same as that used earlier by my English teacher.

Do you remember the 1940s,those terrible years?

Six weeks!I can’t wait that long.

在表示时间、空间概念时,指示代词this/these一般表示的含义近一些而that/those表示的含义远一些。

Sometimes we laugh when we recognize ourselves in what we hear or see.This statement,therefore,often receives a smile“Advice is always given but never taken.”

We went to the suburb last week and that was our first outing this year.

在含有比较级的句子中,that/those可以照应上文提到过的具有特指意义的可数名词,而this/these不能这么用。

The manager’s salary is twice as much as that of his secretary.

These computers are nicer to look at than those we have in our company.

(4)sonot代替前面提到过的事情或情况

We are very busy and will remain so for a couple of weeks.

“You haven’t lost your ticket,have you?”“I hope not.”

(5)the former,the latter,the former照应前者,the latter照应后者(the former,the latter常一起使用,故把它们放在一起来讨论)。

John and William are both hardworking students.The former excels in math,the latter in history.

The place you are going to stay in is something between a hotel and a home.Though it somewhat lacks the convenience of the former yet it has all the comforts of the latter.